Quantum Numbers and Electron Orbitals

Quantum Numbers and Electron Orbitals Science is for the most part the investigation of electron communications among particles and atoms. Understanding the conduct of the electrons in an iota is a significant piece of understanding concoction responses. Early nuclear hypotheses utilized that an iotas electron observed indistinguishable guidelines from a smaller than usual close planetary system where the planets were electrons circling an inside proton sun. Electric alluring powers are a lot more grounded than gravitational powers, yet follow a similar essential converse square standards for separation. Early perceptions indicated the electrons were moving increasingly like a cloud encompassing the core as opposed to an individual planet. The state of the cloud, or orbital, relied upon the measure of vitality, precise force and attractive snapshot of the individual electron. The properties of an iotas electron setup are depicted by four quantum numbers: n, â„, m, and s. First Quantum Number The first is the vitality level quantum number, n. In a circle, lower vitality circles are near the wellspring of fascination. The more vitality you give a body in circle, the farther it goes. On the off chance that you give the body enough vitality, it will leave the framework totally. The equivalent is valid for an electron orbital. Higher estimations of n mean more vitality for the electron and the comparing sweep of the electron cloud or orbital is further away from the core. Estimations of n start at 1 and go up by whole number sums. The higher the estimation of n, the closer the comparing vitality levels are to one another. On the off chance that enough vitality is added to the electron, it will leave the particle and abandon a positive particle. Second Quantum Number The subsequent quantum number is the rakish quantum number, â„. Each estimation of n has different estimations of â„ going in values from 0 to (n-1).This quantum number decides the state of the electron cloud. In science, there are names for each estimation of â„. The principal esteem, â„ 0 called a s orbital. s orbitals are round, fixated on the core. The second, â„ 1 is known as a p orbital. p orbitals are typically polar and structure a tear petal shape with the point towards the core. â„ 2 orbital is known as a d orbital. These orbitals are like the p orbital shape, however with more petals like a cloverleaf. They can likewise have ring shapes around the base of the petals. The following orbital, â„3 is called a f orbital. These orbitals will in general appear to be like d orbitals, yet with considerably more petals. Higher estimations of â„ have names that follow in sequential order request. Third Quantum Number The third quantum number is the attractive quantum number, m. These numbers were first found in spectroscopy when the vaporous components were presented to an attractive field. The ghastly line comparing to a specific circle would part into different lines when an attractive field would be presented over the gas. The quantity of split lines would be identified with the precise quantum number. This relationship appears for each estimation of â„, a comparing set of estimations of m running from - â„ to â„ is found. This number decides the orbitals direction in space. For instance, p orbitals relate to â„1, can have m estimations of - 1,0,1. This would speak to three unique directions in space for the twin petals of the p orbital shape. They are typically characterized to be px, py, pz to speak to the tomahawks they line up with. Fourth Quantum Number The fourth quantum number is the turn quantum number, s. There are just two qualities for s,  ½ and -  ½. These are likewise alluded to as turn up and turn down. This number is utilized to clarify the conduct of individual electrons as though they were turning in a clockwise or counterclockwise. The significant part to orbitals is the way that each estimation of m has two electrons and required an approach to recognize them from each other. Relating Quantum Numbers to Electron Orbitals These four numbers, n, â„, m, and s can be utilized to portray an electron in a steady particle. Every electrons quantum numbers are extraordinary and can't be shared by another electron in that particle. This property is known as the Pauli Exclusion Principle. A steady iota has the same number of electrons as it does protons. The principles the electrons pursue to arrange themselves around their iota are straightforward once the standards administering the quantum numbers are comprehended. For Review n can have entire number qualities: 1, 2, 3, ...For each estimation of n, â„ can have whole number qualities from 0 to (n-1)m can have any entire number worth, including zero, from - â„ to â„s can be either  ½ or -  ½

Holocaust-concentration Camps Essay -- essays research papers

Inhumane imprisonments      Concentration Camps were a major piece of the Holocaust. My first theme is the inhumane imprisonment Dachau. At that point I will discuss another death camp called Bergen-Belsen. From that point onward, I will enlighten you regarding the inhumane imprisonment Treblinka. At last, the last fixation I will discuss is Auschwitz-Birkenau. Portraying these camps will educate you that inhumane imprisonments were an immense piece of the Holocaust.      Dachau was an overwhelming inhumane imprisonment of the Holocaust. Dachau was worked in 1933. From the outset, it was a killing camp for Jewish individuals and political detainees. At that point it turned into a full-time inhumane imprisonment for detainees. In 1943, the Nazis chose to constrain the inhabitants into burdensome work. The Nazis made the detainees make arms and supplies for the war. At this camp, they performed severe clinical analyses on the detainees. More than 3,500 individuals had tests performed on them and most all passed on. At the point when the war was reaching a conclusion, the United States freed more than 32,000 detainees on April 29, 1945. This was one of the most destroying inhumane imprisonments of the Holocaust.      Bergen-Belsen was another appalling inhumane imprisonment. This camp was a holding place camp. This implies the individuals that were sent there would have been kept there until they kicked the bucket, or until the war was finished. The individuals at this camp were normally murdered by maladies like tu... Holocaust-death camps Essay - articles inquire about papers Death camps      Concentration Camps were a major piece of the Holocaust. My first theme is the inhumane imprisonment Dachau. At that point I will discuss another inhumane imprisonment called Bergen-Belsen. From that point forward, I will inform you concerning the inhumane imprisonment Treblinka. At long last, the last focus I will discuss is Auschwitz-Birkenau. Depicting these camps will illuminate you that death camps were an enormous piece of the Holocaust.      Dachau was a staggering death camp of the Holocaust. Dachau was worked in 1933. From the outset, it was an elimination camp for Jewish individuals and political detainees. At that point it turned into a full-time inhumane imprisonment for detainees. In 1943, the Nazis chose to compel the inhabitants into extremely difficult work. The Nazis made the detainees make arms and supplies for the war. At this camp, they performed fierce clinical tests on the detainees. More than 3,500 individuals had tests performed on them and most all passed on. At the point when the war was reaching a conclusion, the United States freed more than 32,000 detainees on April 29, 1945. This was one of the most destroying death camps of the Holocaust.      Bergen-Belsen was another shocking inhumane imprisonment. This camp was a holding community camp. This implies the individuals that were sent there would have been kept there until they passed on, or until the war was finished. The individuals at this camp were generally murdered by infections like tu...

everything underneath the sky essays

everything underneath the sky papers The epic Sky Over Dimas by Vicente Garcia Groyon is basically focused on a familys contorting and enchanting past frequenting every part present lives. The storys feature is the way that George Torrecarion went insane and just his child Rafael can spare him for his craziness. George has been locking himself with a specialists girl for a quarter of a year now in the deserted Hacienda Dimas. This was the main motivation behind why Rafael is eager to return home in Bacolod with all the arguing done by his mom, Margie, who consequently is no saner as well. The truth of the matter is: George Torrecarion went insane.- This is the place everything starts and finishes with. Man versus himself is the principle struggle of the story. With all the lies underneath the familys past, George wasnt ready to deal with everything admirably thus, mind-frenzy bit him off until his demise. It worked out that underneath the acclaim and fortune of the Jarabas and Torrecarion families lays a ton of disconnected truth that reveals the past of the familys variation from the norm. Each and every untruth that has been advised was utilized to conceal all the disclosures in the story. Solidarity among the plot was broad because of the explanation that it is about the familys pieces. These articles were all in a type of shocks inside the story that reveal the insider facts of the family. Every one of the characters foundation releases reality supposedly on. In addition, the story was loaded with hypnotizing connections that triggers the characters to pass on what the creator has truly got the chance to state. These consuming occasions all prompts the agitation George is encountering. He has a deep understanding of this through his granddads diary. This doesn't just assistance uncover reality inside the novel however just as making the book an unquestionable requirement read for the crowd. The strategy used by Groyon utilizing the memory inside a memory gives the story a feeling of the real world. It ... <!

How to Choose Literary Essay Samples Fourth Grade

How to Choose Literary Essay Samples Fourth Grade The Ultimate Approach to Literary Essay Samples Fourth Grade Patients require some simple grasp of the dangers and advantages of their recommended drugs and the way to manage them to be able to take them safely. Knowledge of handling missed prescriptions is likewise an important part of drug safety. It's however essential to note that quality pharmaceutical products alone can't guarantee drug safety. While patient safety comprises a multitude of multiplexed aspects, the standard of pharmaceuticals, their distribution, storage, use and disposal have a better bearing in contrast to other elements. What You Should Do to Find Out About Literary Essay Samples Fourth Grade Before You're Left Behind Review the notes indicated and make a decision as to what question you desire an answer to regarding the material you've read. The debut of each written work ought to have a very clear thesis statement or argument. Also, they have to en umerate certain items which are important to convey the message of the story. The very first paragraph should contain the main point that you want to make about the literary work and ought to give details to support the claim. A topic sentence is normally the very first sentence of the paragraph, not the previous sentence of the prior paragraph. The previous sentence ought to be persuasive to the principal point and ought to show that the essay is coming to a finish. The very first sentence of each paragraph should play off the previous sentence of the prior paragraph to provide a smooth transition. Nonfiction writing is a significant indicator of how well your kid is learning essential literary skills. Trait theories identify a number of the earliest perceptions on leadership. To muster a brilliant literary essay you've got to possess two essential traits a profound understanding of a specific work and creative thinking. Literary Essay Samples Fourth Grade for Dummies Writing is given much value in school since it is the bedrock of the other subjects too. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. They need to learn how to write persuasive essaysthis skill is critical because it is often tested. There are 3 essential actions to helping students to create solid literary essays in only a class period or two. This couplet differs. The rest of The sentences should function as an outline for the remainder of your paper. The Upside to Literary Essay Samples Fourth Grade He seems to recognize that the things he's done hurt men and women, and he regrets them. It's known that each wonderful thing starts with small actions. As time passes, children learn how to manipulate parents to receive their way. A bit of information which tells the reader something more concerning the plot of the story. It functions as a proof a person have learned something from the readings he or she just had. Physical desire and emotional attraction are just characteristics of the overlying idea of love. On another level, it's the story of all of the true damage that could result from seemingly innocent adventures. After all, he's merely a kid. Because of this, it's important that better means of communicating prescriptions to patients in an easy and quick manner be developed. For this reason, you've got to be well-prepared with respect to additional info, analysis, and researches of different folks. Power theories base their arguments on the origin of the power a person is exercising. The degree to which such input could possibly be accepted fluctuates depending on the leader's judgment. Because it isn't a one-passage review you've got to craft but an elaborate investigation of a literary work. Help your son or daughter excel with our detailed collection of fourth grade resources. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, and make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. When you want an example written by means of a student check out our vast group of absolutely free student models. Mind that downloading two or three literary analysis essay examples is an excellent idea. There are various elements involved with writing an effective essay. Since you may see, presenting a suitable essay is both difficult and time-taking. Note the way that it's achieved in a sample literary analysis essay provided at our website. You have not just to compose an essay except to read an original literary piece repeatedly, analyze it, research, make notes and so forth. Your paper's aim is to prove your thesis. There's, clearly, a limit on the range of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. It is thus very critical for a leader to analyze the circumstance and workout flexibility in the execution of their duties. If you're looking for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. Before embarking on the writing it is critical that students start by evaluating the evidence both for and against the matter. If you don't know anything about literature review writing, then you need to download this PDF. Step-by-step instructions for writing different kinds of essays can be retrieved by these links. At times it can be hard t o determine precisely what information is related to your introduction till you've written the piece itself. The very first style which will be discuss is the Permissive Parent. It also needs to say something original regarding the topic. Imagine that the school cafeteria has made a decision to start serving pizza each day of the year. In this instance, you need to keep your ideas streamlined and straightforward so you'll discover that it's simpler to compose your essay from begin to finish. Likewise, it has to be logically complete and express a particular idea.

Are You My Mother A Book for Young Readers

Are You My Mother? by P.D. Eastman is not only a Random House I Can Read It All by Myself Beginner Book for beginning readers, but it is also enormously popular with younger children who love having the amusing story read to them again and again. Are You My Mother?  the Story Both the illustrations and the words in Are You My Mother! stay strictly focused on one thing: a baby bird’s search for his mother. While a mother bird is away from her nest, the egg in the nest hatches. The baby birds first words are, Where is my mother? The little bird jumps out of the nest, tumbles to the ground and begins looking for his mother. Since he doesnt know what his mother looks like, he begins by approaching different animals, and asking each of them, Are you my mother? He talks to a kitten, a hen, a cow, and a dog, but he cant find his mother. The baby bird thinks the red boat in the river or the big plane in the sky might be his mother, but they dont stop when he calls to them. Finally, he sees a big red steam shovel. The baby bird is so sure that the steam shovel is his mother that he eagerly hops into its shovel, only to be terrified when it gives a big snort and starts moving. To the little birds surprise, the shovel rises higher and higher and he is deposited back into his very own nest. Not only that, but he has found his mother, who has just returned from searching for worms for him. What makes this simple story so effective are the humorous illustrations and a tale that features lots of repetition. The illustrations are done in a limited color palette: muted brown with touches of yellow and red. The cartoon-like illustrations focus on the baby bird and his search, with no extraneous details. The brevity of the story, the controlled vocabulary, and simple sentence structure are at the right level for a beginning reader. Most of the pages in the 64-page book have just one to four brief sentences accompanying the illustrations. The repetition of words and phrases and the clues provided by the illustrations also support the beginning reader. The Author and Illustrator P.D. Eastman P.D. Eastman worked closed with Dr. Seuss (Theodor Geisel) on a number of projects and people have sometimes believed that Dr. Seuss and P.D. Eastman are the same man, which is not true. Philip Dey Eastman was an author, illustrator, and filmmaker. After graduating from Amherst college in 1933, he studied at the National Academy of Design. Eastman worked in the film industry for a number of companies, including Walt Disney and Warner Brothers. Under the name P.D. Eastman, he created a number of beginner books that have remained popular over the years. Some of his beginner books include: Go, Dog Go!, The Best Nest, Big Dog . . . Little Dog, Flap Your Wings and Sam and the Firefly. More Recommended Picture Books and Books for Beginning Readers The Lion and the Mouse by Jerry Pinkney, the 2010 Randolph Caldecott Medal winner for picture book illustration, is a wordless picture book. You and your child will enjoy reading the pictures and telling the story together. Dr. Seuss picture books and beginning reader books are always a treat and the Mercy Watson series for beginning readers by Kate DiCamillo is full of fun.

The Call Of Cthulhu, By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1472 Words

In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, â€Å"The Birth-mark,† and H.P. Lovecraft’s horror story, â€Å"The Call of Cthulhu,† there are both similarities in themes and style, however, their characterization and narration is entirely different. This lends itself to creating two different short stories, both can be classified as horror or suspenseful. Hawthorne’s story, published earlier, shares a similar theme of humanity and union with â€Å"The Call of Cthulhu.† The documentary style of H.P. Lovecraft’s short story contrasts with the less personal feel of â€Å"The Birth-mark.† Finally, the characterization of both the birthmark and Cthulhu create the stories and give them purpose and meaning, while acting as heavy symbols for the purpose of extending and†¦show more content†¦Georgianna herself is a symbol of unity, as she marries both â€Å"mortal and magic, hideous and beautiful, stained and pure† (Napier 1) . Cthulhu manages to marry people together, those who are incredibly bright and creative, to insanity as they attempt to discover his origins. This unity is crucial to the story of â€Å"The Birth-mark† as it shows everything Aylmer hates is interconnected with the purity of humanity. Every negative part of the world is in turn beauty which allows us to appreciate God’s beauty more clearly. The narrator in H.P. Lovecraft’s short story, Francis Wayland Thurston, shows us how terrifying it is to slowly lose your mind. As he digs deeper and deeper into the world of Cthulhu, he begins to experience nightmares along with several other artists. This phenomenon is incredibly unsettling as Lovecraft writes from a first person point of view. â€Å"Lovecraft’s characters cannot find solace†¦since the horror they face is an index of the meaninglessness of the human condition† (Ralickas 298). Lovecraft wrote his book from a documentary standpoint w ith the narrator describing what he did as he did it, â€Å"My knowledge of the thing began in the winter of 1926-27 with the death of my great-uncle, George Gammell Angell† (Lovecraft 2). This is very different from Hawthorne’s story where it reads like a story being retold, â€Å"In the latter part of the last century there livedShow MoreRelatedThe Call Of Cthulhu, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1388 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, â€Å"The Birth-mark,† and H.P. Lovecraft’s horror story, â€Å"The Call of Cthulhu,† there are both similarities in themes and style, however, their characterization and narration is entirely different. This lends itself to creating two different short stories, both can be classified as horror or suspenseful. Hawthorne’s story, published earlier, shares a similar theme of humanity and union with â€Å"The Call of Cthulhu.† The documentary style of H.P. Lovecraft’s sh ort

Generating Electricity free essay sample

Without electricity, the world would be a different place to live in. Flow Diagram showing how electricity is produced using fossil fuels (GCSE Bitsesize) There are two types of electricity, static electricity and current electricity. On a large scale, static electricity causes lightning and on a smaller scale, gives you a shock when you get out of a car. It can be generated simply by rubbing a comb on your hair. Static electricity is of limited use and in this essay, I will be focusing on current electricity. Electricity is basically the flow of electrical charge. It is the most routinely and widely used energy. It is an energy carrier and a secondary source as we get electricity from the conversion of primary sources such as coal, gas, and solar energy. These primary sources are either renewable or non-renewable sources but electricity itself, is neither. The most common way to generate electricity is using fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. They are known as fuels because they release energy when they are burned and fossil fuels because they are formed from the remains of living organisms, which are millions of years old. Kyle, HubPages) The importance of electricity and the application of electricity in our everyday lives cannot be expressed enough in words. Life wouldn’t be the same. If there would be no electricity, on a smaller scale, this essay would be hand written. But on a bigger scale, there would be no industries, everything would have to be hand made. Schools would have to have candles or fire as lighting. Streets would have the same. Economies would suffer billions of losses per day as they cannot manufacture any good. Now to our everyday lives, there would be no heated showers, no laptops for research, no mobile phones for communication purposes, etc†¦ This is why electricity is important an no electricity would equal to no life in my opinion. Renewable Sources| Source of Energy | % Used| Hydroelectrical| 6. 3| Nuclear| 8. 5| Others| 0. 9| A particular global issue, which is important, is that of the exceeding demand of fossil fuels to generate electricity but the limited supply. Today, fossil fuels are the most widely used and are much cheaper than using renewable methods. The following table shows the percentages of fossil fuels and renewable resources used: Fossil Fuels| Source of Energy | % Used| Petroleum | 36. 0| Coal| 27. 4| Natural Gas| 23. o| The tables above tell us that the total use of fossil fuels add up to 86. 4% while renewable sources are only 15. 7%. This is huge difference and tells us how importance it is to limit the use of fossil fuels in generating electricity. (BinomicFuel,†¦) This is where Science is applied in effectively solving the issue. There are now renewable resources of energy, which cater to different parts of the world. For example in India, 5% of the country’s energy is supplied by wind power. In the outskirts of major cities such as Mumbai or Kolkata, wind turbines have been set up in particular areas, which are known for high wind speeds. GCSE Bitesize One of the solutions is wind energy. Firstly, wind is produced as a result of convection currents in the Earth’s atmosphere, which are driven by heat energy from the sun. Wind is a renewable source of kinetic energy as long as the sun exists. As shown on the left, wind turbines basically have long and wide blades on a tall tower. The blades are then connected to gears linked to a generator. As the wind blows, the blades turn and transfer most of its kinetic energy to the blades to drive the generator. Electricity is then produced. Usually, several wind towers are built together in windy places to be called wind farms. Clipart Although this method tackles the problem as we can rely less on fossil fuels, it does have some limitations in the economic factor. Wind turbines are extremely costly to develop and the cost is recovered only decades later. The cost for a commercial scale wind turbine ranges from $1. 2 million to $2. 6 million, per MW of nameplate capacity installed. Most of the wind turbines today are 2 MW so roughly after installation, a single wind tower could cost around $3. 5 million. This is a very large amount and a very high initial cost for a company to invest in. This is one factor why countries usually select fossil fuels. (Carla, eHow) Another factor is the social factor. Wind farms are extremely noisy and spoil the view of people living near them. Wind farms affect communities a lot and force communities to relocate. This also affects the life and welfare of human beings who live near them. It causes noise pollution as well as it is an eye sore. So therefore it may be a problem for some countries to develop communities in that area and a problem for local people who live nearby. (GCSE Bitesize) However, to every dark cloud has a silver lining. There are also benefits of wind power. In the ethical factor, it is a positive step. Using wind power instead of fossil fuels in beneficial as day by day, world levels of coal, oil and natural gas are decreasing at a high rate. It is then only right and ethical to use wind power, which is a renewable source of energy. (Drupal, Windustry) Wind farms are also beneficial in the environmental factor. Environmentally, they are extremely clean compared to fossil fuels, which cause up to 90% of the worlds greenhouse gases when burned. When wind power is used, no smoke emissions are given out and it is the environment’s best friend. Wind power consumes no fuel for continuing operation, and has no emissions directly related to electricity production. Wind turbines produce no carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, mercury, particulates, or any other type of air pollution, as do fossil fuel power sources. URPS There is also a local issue in Dubai which relates to the generation of electricity. Nearly all of the UAE’s electricity comes from off shore gas reserves. Natural gas is abundant in the UAE but will eventually run out. There has to be a back up and it is our duty to conserve electricity. Science is applied again over here to address the issue. By the year 2020, the UAE will cut its dependence on natural gas and oil for electricity generation and turn instead to nuclear fuel and renewable energy to meet the increasing power needs of a fast-expanding economy. The government of the UAE has decided to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes to generate electricity. Although this is an option, an ideal option would be that of solar power. Efface. inc The UAE is located in the Middle East which faces direct sunlight for about 12 hours a day. Especially in the ethical factor because the sun can be used to help conserve fossil fuels. Solar panels are ethical as the UAE is not a cold country which has winter blizzards. It has direct sunlight which is basically perfect. In addition, in the political factor it is beneficial as the government is willing in every way possible to harness solar power and thus has all parking meters for 1,025,169 cars solar powered. This is a very good initiative and saves large amounts of electricity. The emirate of Dubai has also harnessed solar power in the tallest tower in the world, Burj Khalifa. This tower can handle the water heating of its residents. This is extremely beneficial as it saves 3, 200 kilo watts per day and 690MWh per year. (Gulf News) Again, solar panels also have their limitations. In the social factor it would be quite an eye sore to see solar panels on street lamps or on striking buildings. It would not change lives drastically being an eye sore but would degrade the city when it comes to its attractiveness. Another limitation is in the economic factor. It is extremely costly to build and maintain solar panels. The average cost for a solar panel to power one average house is about $25,000. A solar panel of this price would cover the heating, and lighting of the house. The cost may be recovered within a couple of decades and is a heavy investment. (Earl, Control) greenglobe It is evident that although Science solves the issue of conserving fossil fuels, its main drawback is in the cost. This is quite prominent especially in time of a financial recession. The important thing is that the world is still trying and the percentage of using non fossil fuels for energy sources is rising by 2. 3% each year

Waste Collection Worldwide

Solid waste collection worldwide catch The word waste has a number of definitions depending on the context in which it is used and has been defined differently by different organizations and institutions. For purposes of this paper, waste is defined as an unwanted material or that material which one cannot use and considers unprofitable to him or her.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Waste Collection Worldwide specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The United Nations Environmental Program (UNDP) offers a number of definitions to the term waste as they are provided by its different departments and from its conventions. Some of these definitions are given below. According to the Basel convention, â€Å"wastes are substances or objects which are disposed or are intended to be disposed or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of national laws† (UNEP/GRID, 2010, para. 2). The United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) also gives the definition of wastes as â€Å"materials that are not prime products (that is products produced for the market) for which the generator has no further use in terms of his/her own purposes of production, transformation or consumption, and of which he/she wants to dispose† (Para. 3). Wastes are generated in the process of acquiring raw materials, processing them and even in the process of consumption. Waste is also known as trash, rubbish, refuse, garbage or junk. People consider materials as waste when those materials are no longer rendering any value to them. They then throw away these materials or gather them together for disposal (waste collection). This is part of waste management, which includes identification, gathering, sorting, storage, processing at the source, transportation, recycling and/or disposal. Solid wastes are that type of wastes that are not fluid and include solid materials, semi solid materials and even gaseous and liquid mat erials in containers. The sources and concentration of solid waste differ in urban and rural settings. The major sources of solid wastes in these areas are from agriculture, mining, industry and municipal (Ophardt, 2003). Therefore, the sources and types of solid waste include industrial, commercial, institutional, construction and demolition, municipal, process and agricultural wastes (Daniel and Thomas, 1999). Broadly, these solid wastes are classified as municipal solid wastes and non-municipal solid wastes.Advertising Looking for term paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wastes from residential areas, businesses, and buildings debris in the cities produce municipal solid wastes, while non-municipal solid wastes are mainly agricultural, industrial and mining wastes. The wastes from all the above-mentioned sources can be hazardous when they contain toxic substances. Collection of solid wastes invol ves gathering of the waste, sorting it out (sometimes) and transporting it to the required location. This location can be in a processing plant for recycling the material, landfill sites or other disposal sites. Municipal councils and City councils of various towns and cities in the world are responsible for the collection of waste materials. However, there are private organizations that are also involved in collection of waste from the source and deliver them to the suitable destination. There a number of actors and partners who are involved in the collection of both household and municipal wastes all over the world. These act as users or providers of the garbage collection services, regulators and/or intermediaries. These actors include households, communities, non-Governmental organizations (NGOs), Local governments, National governments, private sector enterprises, informal private sector and external support agencies (ESAs) (Schubeler, 1996). The major concern of residential ho useholds and communities is to live in a clean environment. Since they must buy the waste collection services, they normally require quality service providers and at the least cost possible. In low-income residential areas, solid waste collection is not given priority and therefore the people dump their solid wastes on open areas near their residency, along the roads and railway lines as well as in rivers and waterways (Thomas-Hope, 1998; Lankao, 2008; Dangi, n.d.). This in turn poses a health risk to the residents of these areas. Residents who are not satisfied with the garbage collection services offered usually form community based organizations (CBOs) to help them improve their local environmental conditions or help them seek help from their government for service improvement.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Waste Collection Worldwide specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More NGOs may originate from the communit y but mostly from outside the communities in which they operate. The NGOs act as a link between the government and the local community to help improve the service delivery. They help the people to understand the need for environmental management, the danger of careless waste disposal, raise their concerns to the government and relevant waste collection authorities and access credit facilities for the local people. The NGOs also offer employment opportunities to the people. Local governments on the other hand are fully responsible for collection and disposal of solid waste. They do this as stipulated in their by laws and sometimes as motivated by their political and personal interests. The local authorities rely on the higher government authorities such as the national government to give it powers to enforce bylaws necessary for efficient waste collection. The local authorities also rely on the national government to give it financial support it needs to carry out solid waste collect ion and transportation to the required destinations. These local governments also have powers to give contracts to private organizations offering garbage collection services. In order to achieve efficiency in solid waste collection, the local governments have to enhance public awareness on the significance of waste collection and proper disposal (Hosetti, 2006). This also helps the local community to assist the local authorities in solid waste collection. The national government plays a critical role in solid waste collection and maintaining environmental soundness in any country. It is the mandate of the national government to put into place the legal and institutional framework for all activities necessary to enhance solid waste collection and empowering the local authorities to carry out its activities. It also equips the local government with relevant guidelines and capacity building relevant to this service delivery.Advertising Looking for term paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Both formal and informal private sector also plays a critical role as far as solid waste collection and management is concerned. The formal private sector majorly offers waste collection services as a business in order to gain profit (Golush, 2008). The formal private sector works in close collaboration with the public sector to provide the services the community requires in waste collection. This sector is more likely to offer effective garbage collection services at a lower price than the public sector in order to make more customers for their services. The informal private sector on the other hand comprises of individuals, families or unregistered groups carrying out activities that are not regulated. These people are usually from poverty-stricken areas who are seeking for a source of income. Effectiveness in the collection of solid wastes depends on the rate of production of the wastes and availability of resources and equipment to facilitate this collection (Nair, 1993; Schubel er 1996). Some low-income communities in the world experience low or lack of waste collection leading to waste disposal in open areas and vacant plots nearby (Medina, n.d). The level and mechanism of waste collection also differs from country to country and from developed countries to developing countries due to differences in resource endowment s and level of technology available for use. The increasing urban population aggravates the problem of solid waste collection and management in most developing countries. These nations spend a lot of money in the collection of solid wastes and yet they are not able to keep pace with the level of waste production (Zerbock, 2003). The composition of solid wastes generated in developing countries varies greatly from that produced in developed countries. The wastes produced in developing countries are of higher density, higher moisture content, and large amounts of organic matter as well as small in particle size (Dhamija, 2006). Most of these c ountries depend on the municipal revenue they collect to address the problem of solid waste collection. This further leads to delayed and decreased rate of waste collection leading to waste accumulation in or near residential areas. The delayed service delivery also sometimes makes the people to decline to pay for garbage collection, which further add to the problem build up. The private sector seems to be doing a better job in offering solid waste collection services making people to prefer their services to those offered by the public sector. Most governments in the developing countries have opted to use the private sector for waste collection. This however does not deprive the local authorities their role of overseeing waste collection in their areas of jurisdiction (Zerbock, 2003). The national governments in most developing countries give little attention to solid waste collection and transport (Ogawa, n.d.). These governments pay much attention to rapid urbanization and put pl ans in place to facilitate rapid urban developments and industrialization but do not put in place enough measures to avert waste accumulation and to enhance proper solid waste collection procedures. The rapid urbanization and growing population in towns also hinders the ease of transportation of solid wastes (Gandy, 1994). Transportation of wastes through towns is slowed down due to congestion of the roads by traffic, poor roads and weather conditions (Zerboch, 2003; Rotich, Yongsheng, Jun, 2005). In areas where there are no or poorly organized waste collection facilities and patterns, the residents resort to dumping their solid wastes in the nearby vacant spaces. This is mostly the case in low-income places where the residents are unable to pay for waste collection services. As stated above, these residents resort to dumping in open places, rivers and roadsides an issue that puts their health at risk. Some place, especially in slums are also too congested and inaccessible by garba ge collectors. In areas where the residents are able to pay for the waste collection services, they are at an advantage of getting these services from private service providers. Even though this is the case, in most instances there are no standard containers to store the waste before it is collected. The solid wastes in such places are kept either in drums or plastic containers or even in paper bags prior to collection. The collectors come and pick the garbage from these containers. However people and animals scavenging for valuables from the waste leads to garbage disturbance and distribution in the area, an issue that affect the efficiency of solid waste collection. Most developing countries still use the traditional methods of solid waste collection such as garbage trucks and road sweeping (Thomas-Hope, 1998). Waste collectors commonly use trucks to transport waste from the sources of production to the disposal sited. In some cases, the household owners assist the waste collector s to load the garbage into the trucks in medium income areas. In low-income areas where people dump on open grounds, the responsible authorities take responsibility to collect the waste and transport it to the rightful dumping sites. Most of the solid wastes collected in developing countries are dumped in open dumpsites, an issue which posed environmental health threats especially if dumping is done for a prolonged period (Ogawa, n.d.). The countries use only a small amount in landfills. The plastic containers and scrap metals are usually recycled. Most developed countries produce higher solid wastes as compared to developing countries. This is because these countries have a higher consumption rate than developing countries. The solid wastes they produce is large and of low organic matter. Government policies and environmental concerns in these countries enable the concerned waste collection agencies to carry out effective service delivery especially in urban areas. Solid waste coll ection methods in these countries greatly vary from region to region. In some places, the individuals who produce the wastes collect the wastes and place them in temporary storage containers or any other materials strategically placed for the commercial garbage collectors to pick them (Nag Vizayakumar, 2005). Due to environmental issues associated with waste dumping, some developed countries have opted to ship their solid wastes and dump them in other countries. In this case, the developed countries target those developing countries with less restriction in dumping or those that do not adhere to environmental laws. The solid wastes that these countries mostly transport across borders include electronic wastes, fabrics, and plastic containers among others (Luther, 2009). Developed countries export these materials to developing countries for reuse, recycling or dumping. Australia, United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand and some other countries that use the Curbside method to collect hou sehold solid wastes in the urban and peri urban areas (Tchobanoglous and Kreith, 2002). This method uses specially constructed trucks for the purpose of waste collection. In many cases, the municipal or city councils provide urban households with special containers in which they put their solid wastes and place them on the roadsides where the trucks pick them as they pass (Hayes, 2008). This method is suitable for collecting recyclable materials, which the collectors then transport to designated places, sort and send them to treatment plants for recycling. The major aim of this method is to increase the level of recycling materials and reduce the amount of disposed solid wastes. Some countries also use underground channels to convey their wastes to the designated places. This is an example of high technology application in solid waste collection. The waste moves through the channels through the influence of a vacuum system. The common systems the waste collectors use to collect wast e through this means include Envac method, Metro Taifun single-line and ring-line systems among others. A combination of solid waste collection methods and strategies is important to enhance efficient service delivery. Some developed countries regulate the maximum amount of wastes a household is allowed to produce by a specific period. Such governments are efficient in managing and controlling waste collection activities within their country. This is the case in Taipei city in China, where the government has succeeded in regulating the level of wastes the residents of the city produce. In general, there are common methods used to collect solid wastes in the world. These range from simple to complex methods. Some of these methods require minimal economic investment while others require very high economic and technological investment. The methods include the use of wheelbarrows, hand pushed carts, simple bicycle mounted carts, animal drawn carts, trolleys, small trucks, agricultural t ractor drawn trailers, open trucks, specialized trucks, open and closed tunnels and many others. The simple implements like hand drawn carts are used to collect solid wastes from simple households with minimal solid waste production levels. Individuals and small groups offering waste collection services can easily use these implements. The methods require less investment and use in small-scale waste collection. Road sweeping is also another traditional method most municipal councils employ to collect solid wastes, especially dust in towns. Commercial waste collection requires the application of the best available and economically viable methods. Developed countries use specialized trucks and other technical methods to collect and transport their solid wastes. Some developing countries also receive some assistance from developed countries to collect their wastes. In conclusion, solid waste collection is a major concern to most governments and environmental management authorities in t he world. Governments spend a lot of money to effect effective solid waste collection to avert environmental degradation and maintain the integrity of their towns and cities. Various actors are involved in various activities involving solid waste collection. These include individuals, formal organizations, informal organizations, local authorities, national governments, non-governmental organizations and international organizations. All these actors represent various interests. Some engage in this activity to gain financially, others to represent environmental organizations for keeping the environment healthy, while others do charity work. To others, it is either their moral, social, or political obligation to carry out solid waste collection. The demands for solid waste collection differ from country to country and from place to place within the same country (Schubeler 1996; Daniel 1999). The urban areas produce more municipal solid wastes as compared to the rural areas or the less populated towns. The level of technology available for use as well as the availability of sufficient waste collectors can either hinder or enhance the rate and efficiency of waste collection in a particular country or region. Highly populated residential areas, poor weather and poor roads can also reduce the rate of solid waste collection leading to accumulation. The poor or low-income city dwellers dump solid wastes in open areas leading to pollution of land, air and water. The rich countries are also determined to keep their environment clean at the expense of exporting their solid wastes to less developed countries, thereby adding more garbage problems to them. There is need for policy development to govern solid waste collection in the world to avoid accumulation of wastes, which can pose health danger to residents as well as destroy the aesthetic value of towns and cities. Reference List Dangi, M. M. (n.d.). Kathmandu’s Solid Waste Problem: What Works, What Doesnâ€℠¢t. Nepal News. Retrieved from www.nepalnews.com/†¦/7782-kathmandus-solid-waste-problem-what-works-what-doesnt.html Daniel, H. Thomas L. (1999). Sources and types of solid wastes. Urban Development Sector Unit. Retrieved from http://web.mit.edu/urbanupgrading/ urbanenvironment/sectors/solid-waste-sources.html Dhamija, U. (2006). Sustainable Solid Waste Management: Issues, Policies, and Structures. New Delhi: Academic Foundation. Gandy, M. (1994). Recycling and the politics of urban waste. New York St. Martin’s Press. Golush, T. V. (2008). Waste management research trends. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Hayes J. H. (2008, July). Dear City of Houston recycling customer. City of Huston: Department of Solid Waste Management. Retrieved from http://www.houstontx.gov/solidwaste/20080707recyclingletter.pdf Hosetti, B. B. (2006). Prospects and perspective of solid waste management. New Delhi: New Age International. Lankao, R. P. (2008, December). Urban Areas and Climate Chan ge: Review of Current Issues and Trends. Institute for the Study of Society and Environment. Retrieved from http://www.ral.ucar.edu/staff/prlankao/GRHS_2011_IssuesPaperfinal.pdf Luther, L. (2009). Managing Electronic Waste: Issues with Exporting E-Waste. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40850.pdf Medina, M. (N.d). Globalization, Development, and Municipal Solid Waste Management in Third World Cities. El Colegio de la Frontera Norte. Retrieved from http://depot.gdnet.org/cms/conference/papers/5th_pl5.2_martin_medina_martinez_paper.pdf Nag, A. Vizayakumar, K. (2005). Environmental education and solid waste management. New Delhi: New Age International Publishers Nair, C. (1993, September). Solid waste management in emerging industrialized countries. Retrieved from http://www.eco-web.com/edi/index.htm Ogawa, H. (N.d). Sustainable Solid Waste Management  in Developing Countries. WHO Western Pacific Regional Environmental Health Centre (EHC). Ret rieved from http://www.gdrc.org/uem/waste/swm-fogawa1.htm Ophardit, E. C. (2003). Solid Waste. Virtual Chembook. Retrieved from http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/316solidwaste.html Rotich, K., Yongsheng, Z. Jun D. (2005, March). Municipal solid waste management challenges in developing countries – Kenyan case study. College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun. Retrieved from http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/cd43/jun.pdf Schubeler, P. (1996). Conceptual Framework for Municipal Solid Waste Management in Low-Income Countries. URBAN MANAGEMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE. UNDP/UNCHS (Habitat)/World Bank/SDC Collaborative Programme on Municipal Solid Waste management in Low-Income Countries. Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/urban/solid_wm/erm/CWG%20folder/conceptualframework.pdf Tchobanoglous, G. Kreith F. (2002). Handbook of solid waste management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Thomas-Hope, E. (1998). Solid Waste Management: Critical Issues For Developing Coun tries. Kingston: Canoe Press, Univ. of the West Indies. UNEP/GRID. (2010). What is waste – A multitude of approaches and definitions. UNEP/GRID – Arendal. Retrieved from http://www.grida.no/publications/vg/waste/page/2853.aspx Zerbock, O. (2003, April). Urban Solid Waste Management: Waste Reduction in Developing Nations Retrieved from http://www.cee.mtu.edu/sustainable_engineering/resources/technical/Waste_reduction_and_incineration_FINAL.pdf This term paper on Waste Collection Worldwide was written and submitted by user Elsie Chase to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Front Street Hospital Case Study Essays

Front Street Hospital Case Study Essays Front Street Hospital Case Study Essay Front Street Hospital Case Study Essay According to Kaiser Family Foundation (2013), more than 47 million Americans were uninsured in 2012. These gaps in health insurance undoubtedly increase healthcare costs, discourage the use of preventative care, and negatively impact the lives and health of the American people. One way to combat this issue is for hospitals and providers to offer charity care to those who qualify and are in need. Non-profit hospitals are organized to serve a charitable purpose to meet the needs of the community and serve indigent patients that would otherwise go without care due to lack of insurance. In return, these organizations receive tax exempt status on  all of their earnings. However, some hospitals have fallen short in terms of fulfilling their obligations to the community and the patients in need. The revenue function of healthcare organizations is extremely complex. Part of this issue can be attributed to the different sources of revenue payers: self-pay, Medicare, Medicaid, commercial insurance, and managed care contract payers. Health economist Gerard Anderson notes that â€Å"uninsured patients and those who pay with their own funds are charged 2. 5 times more for hospital care than those covered by health insurance and more than 3 times the  allowable amount paid by Medicare† (Anderson, 2007). : Front Street Hospital has most certainly contributed to those staggering figures researched by Anderson. For example, Jane Adams, a young uninsured patient spent two days at Front Street for an appendectomy procedure. An insured patient undergoing the same procedure would have been expected to pay close to $2500 after Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements to the hospital. Instead, Adams was left with a $19,000 bill for the appendectomy. Like all other uninsured patients, Adams didn’t benefit from discounted rates. To add insult to injury, Front  Assignment 6. 2 Chapman 3 Street is known for its intimidating collection tactics against patients who are unable to finance their care. Similarly there is Lori Duff, an uninsured Ohio resident who was barely able to make ends meet. After seeking treatment and not being able to pay her hospital bill, she was threatened with a 25% wage garnishment and continuously harassed by Mount Carmel Health System. Being a part of the uninsured population I empathize with self-pay and uninsured patients. Many people delay treatment to avoid outrageous bills and the financial burdens associated with them. So, I completely disagree with the billing and collection policies of non-profit hospitals related to the uninsured. The uninsured patients are the ones who need discounted services most. It creates a catch 22 situation when choosing to seek care. Avoiding care will only deteriorate an individual’s health, while seeking care creates financial problems. I don’t believe that hospitals should not try to collect on past due bills; however they should go about it in a different way than Front Street has. The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act grants creditors the ability to seek to collect on outstanding debt in a number of ways (FTC,2014). Hospitals are known for providing a substantial amount of uncompensated care and it is their job to reduce these types of liabilities. Therefore, Front Street was not unethical in their efforts to collect debt through communications with the patients. I disagree with how far they have chosen to go to collect on bad debt and believe that there are different methods that could have been used. If I could act as the ultimate authority in this situation I would create a stringent law that requires hospitals to fairly set prices for uninsured patients, monitor compliance, and add  penalties for those who disregard the law. Thankfully the new healthcare reform has addressed Assignment 6. 2 Chapman 4 the issue related to hospitals and their obligation to provide charity care. Under the new rules nonprofit hospitals are required to comply with the following four provisions (Gold, 2012): 1. Prohibited from charging uninsured low-income patients higher rates than the lowest amounts billed to individuals with insurance. 2. Required to have a clearly written financial assistance policy describing who is eligible for free or reduced cost care. The policy must be widely publicized in the community  served by the hospital. 3. Prohibited from enforcing extraordinary collections actions against patients before determining whether the patient qualifies for financial assistance. 4. Required to conduct assessments on the health needs of the community they serve and implement a strategy to meet those needs. One thing that I would focus on due to my experience is closely monitoring how well hospitals implement their financial assistance policies. A few years ago I was denied assistance for an emergency room visit and without being given any explanation as to why. Based on my  understanding of the policy, I qualified for assistance, however, my bill was never reduced and it eventually went to collections. I would also reevaluate the needs of the community and see how the organization can meet those needs. It is important to educate the community on the organization’s obligations to the patients and community, patient responsibilities, and ways to utilize available resources. Many patients don’t know about the financial assistance policies that hospitals have. This creates a huge disconnect between the patient and the hospital or providers treating the patient. Assignment 6. 2 Chapman 5 References  Anderson , G. (2007). Hospitals charge uninsured and â€Å"self-pay† patients more than double what insured patients pay. Retrieved from jhsph. edu/news/news-releases/2007/anderson-hospital-charges. html Federal Trade Commission (FTC) (n. d. ). Fair Debt Collection Practice Act. Retrieved on August 5, 2014 from ftc. gov/enforcement/rules/rulemaking-regulatory-reform-proceedings/fair-deb t-collection-practices-act-text Gapenski, L. (2010). Cases in healthcare finance. (4 ed. , pp. 239-241). Health Administration Press. Gold, J. (2012, April). Nonprofit hospitals faulted for stinginess with charity care. Retrieved from npr. org/blogs/health/2012/04/27/151537743/nonprofit-hospitals-faulted-for-st inginess-with-charity-care Kaiser Family Foundation. (2013, October). The uninsured: A primer key facts about health insurance on the eve of coverage expansions. Retrieved from http://kff. org/uninsured/report/the-uninsured-a-primer-key-facts-about-health-insurance-o. n-the-eve-of-coverage-expansions/ HCM 733 Domonique Chapman Case Study: Front Street Hospital, Week 6 Learning Outcomes: advocate courses of action regarding finance-related ethical issues in health services organizations. Score  Below Expectations 0 – 10 Approaches Expectations 11 Meets Expectations 12 13 1. Evaluation of billing and collection policies of not-for-profit hospitals related to the uninsured Evaluation of billing and collection policies is insufficient1. Evaluation of billing and collection policies is sufficient2. Evaluation of billing and collection policies is comprehensive3. Below Expectations 0 – 10 Approaches Expectations 11 Meets Expectations 12 13 2. Discussion of ethical issues Discussion of ethical issues is insufficient. Discussion of ethical issues is sufficient. Discussion of ethical issues is comprehensive. Below Expectations 0 – 10 Approaches Expectations 11 Meets Expectations 12 13 3. Decision regarding billing and collection policies of not-for-profit hospitals related to the uninsured Decision regarding billing and collection policies is insufficient. Decision regarding billing and collection policies is sufficient. Decision regarding billing and collection policies is comprehensive. Quality of Writing Below Expectations 0 – 8 Approaches Expectations 9 Meets Expectations 10 11 Lacks professional quality; evidence of disorganized thought processes; major grammatical, spelling and/or typographical errors  Average professional quality; evidence of organized thought processes; relatively few grammatical, spelling, and/or typographical errors Excellent professional quality; evidence of highly organized thought processes; no grammatical, spelling , or typographical, errors Total possible points: 50 Comments 1 The discussion is insufficient in that it lacks specific detail and/or does not address the question. 2 The discussion is sufficient in that it contains minimal detail, but lacks additional contextual information. 3 The discussion is comprehensive in that it is substantive and includes additional contextual information.

Writing the supernatural Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writing the supernatural - Essay Example The appearance or the way the ghost has been launched in the story, â€Å"The Story of Salome† is more mystic and a tone of melancholia pervades or consistently operates throughout the background of the story, which makes it more pleasant and touches the heart with clear and concise effect. The appearance of the ghost in the story, â€Å"The Weir† is comparatively more transparent and soon after the beginning of the plot itself, there are certain clear indications like relentless rain and some elements of mystery such as the priest’s search for the men from Glen for couple of Carrick fellows for digging the grave and the weird smell of the sheep, all these incidents indicates certain sense of continuous foreboding. But in â€Å"The Story of Salome†, the playful display of light and shadow, the sun and the cloud builds a unique kind of background and prepares the different plane for the evocation of the ghost in the story. The evocation of the ghost is equivalent almost to the evocation of a muse in an epic. After the introspection into the evocation of ghost in both the stories, the differences in the studying of the ways the men in both the stories are haunted is also important. There is no doubt in the fact that the story, â€Å"The Story of Salome† is more serene in nature than the story â€Å"The Weir†. The haunted man in the story â€Å"The Weir†, Jim is a young fellow who appears in the story for the purpose of digging grave and help the priest in certain funeral rites. Whereas, the man who is haunted in the story, â€Å"The Story of Salome† appears to be a matured man disturbed and attracted by some unknown occult and weird beauty. Both of the men in the two different stories are disturbed by few unknown facets but again a major difference in the stories can be drawn from the way, the haunted men are represented respectively. In the story , â€Å"The Weir†, J im, the haunted man is

Sculpture Across the Paliolithic to 300BCE have the same hair Essay

Sculpture Across the Paliolithic to 300BCE have the same hair - Essay Example This idea enables a viewer like me to identify social statuses of Greek models. I believe that the long, symmetric and curly hairstyles imply ancient Greek tradition and culture. Four sculptures from Ancient Greece captured my interest. These sculptures are important works of art, and they are displayed in famous museums. The first is the Statue of a Youth from Paul Getty Museum. This statue is also featured in Janson’s History of Art textbook. The second one is called Head of Hades from the Online Metropolitan Museum of Art. The third is called Statue of a Kouros, which is displayed at J. Paul Getty Villa Museum located in Malibu, California, and the fourth is the Kore, located in Akropolis Museum in Athens and is also featured in Janson’s History of Art. While I was gazing at these works of art, one aspect caught my attention: the similarity in hairstyles of ancient Greek sculptures. I noted that all sculptures have symmetrical braids or curls that cover the forehead. The first sculpture is called Statue of a Youth. It is located at the J. Paul Getty Museum in Malibu, California under â€Å"Sicily: Art and Invention between Greece and Rome Exhibit.† The sculpture dates back to 470-460 BC from ancient Greece. It is made of marble and measures 181 cm. tall. The sculpture presents a young man, a charioteer from Mozia in Sicily. On one hand, his small face and well-built body form emphasizes his youth and strength. On the other, his hairstyle, which according to the caption, â€Å"ends in ringlets,† may seem feminine to modern viewers. Many would think that his hair is fashionable, some would wonder who styled it; others might take interest in the cultural background of the hairstyle. These reflections could lead to the inkling as to why the charioteer has ringed braids. Was this the fad in Ancient Greece or did social status have anything to do with the hairstyle? The caption states, â€Å"The Mozia youth's capped hair ends in ringle ts, an untypical feature, and symmetrical.† This caption acknowledges the fact that the artist employed symmetry in his art, despite the half-twisted gaze of the young man. It also declares that the hairstyle is untypical or uncommon; hence it is important to consider tracing back the history of braiding among CVbnm,.charioteers and the whole society of ancient Greece to know the relevance of the hairstyle in display. Nevertheless, I will reserve my findings in the latter part of this paper. Statue of a Youth (the Mozia Charioteer, detail), 460 B.C., Sikeliote (Sicilian Greek). Marble, h: 181 cm. J. Paul Getty Museum The statue is placed in the middle of the room, making it the center of attraction. From this location, viewers can note the importance of this piece of art in Greek art and culture. The sculpture is not within a glass case. Made of marble, I suppose it can stand heat and cold, and will not tarnish easily. Nevertheless, some features are missing, such as the arms (and hands), nose, and one shoulder, which could help give more information to the viewer. I am not sure if these are intended or the sculpture was actually damaged at some point in its existence. According to the book, the sculpture was damaged when Carthaginian forces seized the artworks from Sicily. The figure, which displays the features or a charioteer from

The Effects of Meat-Based Diets on the Environment Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Meat-Based Diets on the Environment Essay According to study, around 2.5 million years ago, humans abandoned their vegetarian habits and adopted a more omnivorous diet in the era of the genus Homo. In 1999, researchers were not sure whether the bite marks they found on 2.5 million year old animal bones were made by humans or not. Peter Ungar (2003) of the University of Arkansas made an analysis that concluded the bite marks were indeed from the first members of the Homo generation (1). Eating meat has developed into a necessary part of human culture over the course of the millions of years. Although, consuming meat also has a big impact on the environment. One of the biggest impacts done by eating meat is the depletion of resources, especially because a generous amount of water is used for livestock. With more than 1.7 billion farm animals in the world, it is approximately triple the amount of humans (4). Research shows that it takes 441 gallons of water to produce one pound of beef, on the other hand, it only takes 14 gallons of water to produce one pound of wheat. The meat industry is one of the major reasons why we are depleting in fresh water. Ed Ayres (1999) of the World Watch Institute found the following: Around the world, as more water is diverted to raising pigs and chickens instead of producing crops for direct consumption, millions of wells are going dry. India, China, North Africa and the U.S. are all running freshwater deficits, pumping more from their aquifers than rain can replenish (2). Raising cattle is also very damaging; they create wreckage to the environment through over-grazing, soil erosion, desertification, natu ral waste, and tropical deforestation to make room for farms and soy fields for feed (8). Dr. David Brubaker, PhD, at Johns Hopkins Universitys Center for a Livable Future, states that, The way that we breed animals for food is a threat to the planet. It pollutes our environment while consuming huge amounts of water, grain, petroleum, pesticides and drugs. The results are disastrous (2).† Manure from cattle can also cause pollution in groundwater and drinking streams. This affects many ecosystems, including humans. In 1995, 25 million gallons of manure and urine spilt into a lagoon in the New River in North Carolina. Over 10 million fish were affected and killed, and 264,000 acres of land were closed due to poisoning (4). Officials in California identify that cows are the major source of nitrate pollution in approximately 100,000 square miles of groundwater. When drunk by humans, depending on the level of nitrate in the drinking water, the effects can range from severe illnesses to even death. Research proves that high levels of nitrate in water can also increase th e risk of methemoglobinemia, or â€Å"blue-baby syndrome†. It has the ability to kill infants and children. Furthermore, the waste from animals contains other harmful pathogens such as Salmonella, E. coli, and Cryptosporidium. Based on past events, if not dealt with properly, manure spills are proven to be very hazardous to animals’ habitats, for they take long to clean up and replenish what has been destroyed. For example, a spill of the excess waste of livestock from factory farms in Maryland and North Carolina is proven to be linked to a case with Pfiesteria piscicida, a disease that wiped out millions of fish in the area and caused many symptoms to the local people, such as skin irritation and short-term memory loss. Nutrients found in manure also cause algal blooms in water, which eat up all the oxygen. When there is no oxygen in the water, it is called a â€Å"dead zone† and this area cannot support aquatic life, meaning that bio-diversity is lowered in that ecosystem (3) (6). Not only does raising livestock harm natural resources, it also uses a lot of fossil fuels. It is found that the United States uses ten percent of their energy every year just to produce meat for their consumers. In other words, 40 calories of fossil fuel are needed to make only one calories of protein provided from eating beef (4). Many of the CO2 released in the air are directly related to livestock. A lot of energy is used to heat the buildings that hold the animals, to produce all the crops, to feed the animals, to import and export, and to refrigerator to keep the meat from going bad. An ecologist David Pimentel states that â€Å"Animal protein demands about eight times as much fossil fuel as for a comparable amount of plant protein (2).† Emissions from factory farms release harmful toxins into the air, such as ammonia, methane, and hydrogen sulfide. Coincidentally, when ammonia is released in the air, it can cause smog or acid rain. On people, the effects could be breathing difficulty and unclean air. Methane is a big contribution to global warming. Research shows that the meat industry is the largest source of methane production in the world, releasing around 100 million tons a year. So theoretically, global warming can be slowed down a portion by stopping the emission of methane into the atmosphere (4). In recent attempts, the PETA organization the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals – have used several innovations to get the message out about meat-based diets and how it is greener to become vegetarian. In Europe, the response was surprising; to illustrate, the number of vegetarians doubled in Great Britain, the number upped in Germany to eight million vegetarians, and similar results in other countries. Unfortunately, the citizens of the United States were still unmoved and not motivated to take action because the consequences were not happening at the present moment. Especially due to the fact that Americans have been growing up surrounded by the culture of meat-eating for billions of years now, it is almost impossible to divert Americans to see that becoming a vegetarian is for a good reason and that it is a very healthier alternative for both humans and the environment (5). In my opinion, I think that becoming vegetarian is one of the main solutions of our world environment problems today. Because our demand for meat has risen so much the past years, partly due to overpopulation and how now more people can afford eating quality meat, we are willing to sacrifice other precious resources (such as water, land, and forests) to make sure that our demands are met in the economy. I think as humans, we are glutinous to think that any kind of food is available without a cost to us because we are at the top of the food chain in the entire world. By depleting our natural resources just to raise livestock for slaughter and consumerism when there are other alternatives to human diets, even if we make enough meat to last us a while, overall it is a short term accomplishment, not long-term, and over time this temporary solution will wear off, leaving us with no meat source, and also no resources because they are all used up. In order to motivate people to adopt the vegetarian lifestyle, people will have to find a good reason to how it will benefit them, such as having a stronger, healthier body (8). Adding in the appeal of a chance to survive longer, we humans as naturally selfish people will try and pick the best choice (in this case, being a vegetarian) if it means we will be able to live longer than everyone else. It is disappointing how people in our world today are very ignorant to the world issues and problems affecting our welfare in the future, because people are so caught up in their everyday lives to worry about what will come in the future due to the actions unknowingly made by our own hands. What needs to be down is to educate humans about the environmental benefits of living a vegetarian or vegan lifestyle, in relation to all the environmental impacts that a meat-based diet brings onto the Earth. In conclusion, meat-eating is of nature to humans. Although, in order to maintain our Earth in a liveable state for the near future, meat-eating may soon be out of the question. In our desperate moments, we will look to becoming vegetarian in hopes to continue our human generation on this Earth because all our other meat sources will have run out due to the high demands. It may not be obvious now, but I can guarantee that if we do not change our eating habits soon, our world will soon spiral into economic collapse, finishing in the destruction of the environment, and maybe even the end to the human generation.

The New Land Of New Ideas :: essays research papers

The New Land of New Ideas   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 18th century Americans turned their backs on the old ideas of the Puritans. The Puritans believed in the population acting within the religious ways of the times. The 18th century population turned their lifestyles to a lifestyle of self interest. This lifestyle was dedicated to the goal of obtaining wealth and prestige among the community. DeCrevecouer writes: He is arrived on a new continent; a modern society offers itself to his contemptation, different from what he had hitherto seen. It is not composed, as in Europe, of great lords who possess every thing and of a herd of people who have nothing. Here are no aristocratical families, no courts, no kings, no bishops, no ecclesiastical dominion, no invisible power giving to a few a very visible one; no great manufacturers employing thousands, no great refinements of luxury. The rich and the poor are not so far removed from each other as they are in Europe. In the old mother land, one could work all day and still not produce very much. However, in the new land there was more opportunity for entrepreneurship. This led to a increase in the self-interest principle and a decrease in the principles of religion. In Old England, it was believed that the few that had the wealth were blessed. Even the King was viewed as the Lord's represantive on Earth. In the new land one had to work to gain faith. Wealth that the individual created was viewed as being faithful to the Lord. The new America gives birth to a true entrepreneurship among the races, if they are going to have anything at all they are going to have to work for it. DeCrevecouer explains this: Men are like plants; the goodness and flavour of the fruit proceeds from the peculiar soil and exposition in which they grow. We are nothing but what we derive from the air we breathe, the climate we inhabit, the government we obey, the system of religion we profess, and the nature of our employment This was not the land where wealth would be left to you in a will, this was the

Uses of Scientific Methods in Business

Uses of Scientific Methods in Business Uses of Scientific methods in Business An Overview: Scientific research serves us to comprehend the world around us, how things work and why certain things look or act the way they do. Scientific research consists of intrusiveness, observations, experiments and evaluations. It attempts to use these to answer questions about what causes differing phenomena. It is important to note that scientific research does not provide absolute solutions to questions, but preferably gives apparent answers based on, evidence gathered and contemporary knowledge.New information can lead to the denial of ideas previously believed to be true. This article is about applications of scientific methods in Business. Research has been investigated to play a very essential role not only in the general management but also in the various functional fields related to the Business. Understandably, by improving the efficiency of a company, profitability is increased, and this can be achieved through proper research adaptation. Scientific Methods and Business World:The scientific method is an organised method of making considerations and conducting experiments to answer specific questions. But is it limited to science projects? Of course not! Most of the managerial tactics and conclusions, however, affect human beings. An individual’s behaviour differs considerably from that of another from time to time, place to place and environment to environment and it cannot be placed under complete control, for it is very uncertain to exercise the scientific method in the practice of business.Despite the development of vital methods of management information systems, many decision areas, such as those of employees effectiveness, materials handling, labour productivity, product planning and consumer behaviour, require complex data to be analyzed as a part of the scientific method which may not be convenient in quick managerial decisions. The greater the comple xity of the data, the lesser is the possibility of accuracy and the lesser is its utility in the business. As a result, the scope of the scientific method in business is thoroughly affected.However, the scientific method does not find approval with many organizations and functional executives because of the heavy demand it makes on their time, exposure, resources and manpower. Despite of these above declared facts, every business has hundreds of hypothesis that are used to make decisions. Some of those may be valid, but many of them will be at fault. 1 Uses of Scientific Methods in Business Using the scientific method in your business can help you validate your considerations, provide clarity about why certain things are happening, and help you quickly understand what adaptation you need to make.How Scientific methods can be helpful in Business: Business research programs are progressively popular way for companies to train and educate their managers and other employees in a broader array of different fields. Business research education can be relevant to economics, marketing, management, finance, human resource, business strategy and ethics. In fact, anything related to modern business and trade. In a corporate world that is apparently more relentless than ever, company executives must study whether their staff members can really fulfil their jobs effectively without specialist education or not.Business research is a field of practical consideration in which a company gathers data and analyzes it in order to better accommodate the company. Business research can include financial data, consumer feedback and product research, employee’s behavioural study and competitive analysis. Executives and managers who use business research methods are able to better understand their company, the position it holds in the market and how to improve that position. Scientific methods can be applied in Business in many dimensions. And they can flourish business in number of ways. Few of them are as follows ? Improving standards of competition:The fundamental way to keep ahead of competition is through exceptional thinking; perpetual innovation; entrepreneurship; creativity; and more complete problem solving and decision making. Through which entrepreneurs can meet global challenges with more complete problem solving and decision making skills. Organizations productivity can be enhanced by encouraging employees to learn and use scientific methods. ? Provides training for change and innovation: It encourages entrepreneurs to re-establish their thoughts, ends aimless wandering, helps ideas transforming shape, motivates self-confidence and helps them to avoid snap judgments.It provides tracks for change and innovation, etc. ? Improving performance chart: It enables how to manage and how to plan basic problems. Thus the better your managers are trained in the use of scientific methodologies, the better job they will do. If senior managers are all offici ally educated and certified in the field of management they will be able to drive a workforce on using effective motivational drivers. Information technology can relate to using software in management, marketing, production, accounting or even 2 Uses of Scientific Methods in Business nvoicing but as the use of the internet and online trade grows, educating staff in the ways to take advantage of this new media is an advisable course of action. ? Choosing the right thing: Its use will lead to more new ideas, innovations, and challenge of changes. By adopting scientific methods entrepreneurs can be sure that they are applying right and practical approaches for their organization. For sure sales techniques will differ depending upon the services or products being sold however there are certain general rules that should be followed.By having a well trained and informed sales workforce, they will be able to bring more trade, and hence improve the credibility and profits of the company. ? Coping with environmental changes: There are numerous claims being made about the changing environment. Apply scientific methods to the problem help in resolving this issue, entrepreneurs can get a clear and broader image of changing’s and they can find the true answer of how to cope with them. For company directors who are on the brink of enlarging their operations beyond their national boundaries, are highly recommended to conduct scientific researches to understand the changing’s. Improving personal standards: By adopting scientific methods in business entrepreneurs can learn some better understandings about the health concerns. It will also support them in solving their own personal problems, being less distracted from their occupational duties, can accommodate the time pressure this increases business profits. Conclusion: Most professional services firms place little value on research. They firmly believe, â€Å"I know my job well. † So what's the point? Wh at you don't know could be costing you some real loss. Having a well educated and learned staff means that operations will run that more competently.Professional firms that do casual research grow faster and are more profitable than those who do not do any systematic research. Those firms that do perpetual research grow even faster and are even more profitable. The bottom line is that professional services firms that do systematic, organised research on their objective grow faster and are more advantageous. Having the knowledge of how to take benefits of the new developments and remain at the forefront of any industry sector is naturally an essential part of any strategy. In brief, research will help you grow your firm. 3

Development Of Aging Or Mid Life Crisis - 863 Words

There will come a time when one has to come to terms of aging or mid-life crisis. According to Weaver (2009) the major psychological changes occur in childhood. The author also noted that Freud also mentioned that all stages of the psychosexual development are also completed in early childhood (pp.69). Freud and Freud also had differences when it referred to coming of age (Weaver, 2009). Jung saw mid-life not as a crisis, but put the emphasis on growth and maturation (pp.70). Most of the clients that Freudians seen were experiencing neurosis, this put a different perspective on their adjustment to life, while Jung’s patients were socially adaptable (Weaver, 2009). Jung did not see mid- life crisis of balancing the self, social world with a deepening meaning. Jung thought that people of mid-life, were developed, one side, of their life, and now lacks meaning (Weaver, 2009). Now the existentialist view was in contrast with the psychodynamic view and believed that people in this stage of life gravitating towards meanings and values (Frankl, 1967). This was evident of a study done in the 1960 at a Vienna Hospital; it showed that 55% existential frustration and half expressed life are meaningless (Frankl, 1967). Carl Rodgers had some similarities with Frankl’s perspective on mid-life crisis (pp.73). Rodgers looked at it from a humanistic approach, while asking existential question such as; What is my purpose? (pp. 73). Rodgers noted that the process of the coming of self isShow MoreRelatedMidlife Crisis1180 Words   |  5 Pageswe see the world mature. It is a commonly held view that the mid-life crisis is caused by the realization that ones life is half over. It is typically an emotional state of doubt and anxiety. Typically lasting between 3 and 10 years, it occurs between the ages of 35 and 50. 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